The SharePoint 2013 prerequisite installer will fail to install any components and even if you install them yourself and complete the installation anyway Microsoft does not currently support running SharePoint 2013 on Windows Server 2012 R2 .

“Currently, Microsoft SharePoint Server 2013 is not supported for installation on computers running the Windows Server 2012 R2 operating system.

Installing SharePoint Server 2013 on a computer that is running Windows Server 2012 R2 could lead to unexpected behavior, therefore, Microsoft does not support SharePoint Server 2013 in Windows Server 2012 R2.”

Source: http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2891274